Page 356 - Theory and Problems of BEGINNING CHEMISTRY

INDEX 345

R (ideal gas law constant), 181, 188p, Rust resistance, 3
195–196 Rusting, 3, 7
R (organic radical), 267 Rutherford, Lord, 284
Radical, 267–270
alkyl, 268 s (a subshell), 54
aryl, 268 (s) (solid), 126
Radioactive decay, 280 Salt, 3, 127, 246
Radioactive disintegration, 280 Salt bridge, 210, 211f
Radioactive series, 283 Saturated hydrocarbon, 264–265
Radioactivity, natural, 40, 51, 280–281 Saturated solution, 219
Radius of a circle, 32p Schr¨odinger equation, 53
Rate of reaction, 230–245 SCI key, 301
factors affecting, 230–231 Scientific algebra, 292–297
Reactant, 120, 232 Scientific calculations, 292–311
Reaction(s): Scientificlaw,1,6–7
combination, 123 Scientific notation, 16–17
combustion, 126 Scientific theory, 6–7
nd
decomposition, 123–124 2 Fkey,297
double decomposition, 126–127 Secondary amine, 272
double replacement, 126–127 Separation of isotopes, 198p
double substitution, 126–127 Series, radioactive, 283
electrolysis, 70–71, 209–210 Shapes of orbitals, 58
nuclear, 1, 280–291 Shell(s), 43–44, 55–57, 68–69,
predicting products of, 122–127 Bohr, 52–53
replacement, 124–126 electron, 43–44, 52–53
substitution, 124–126 maximum occupancy of, 53
Reaction rate, 230–245 notation, 53
factors affecting, 230–231 outermost, 43–44, 55–57, 68–69
Reactivity, 3, 124 valence, 43, 60, 69, 71
of elements, 125, 125t Shift of equilibrium, 232
Reagent, 120 to the left, 233
Recharge of cell, 211 to the right, 233
Reciprocal, 24p SI, 12
Reciprocal key, 301–302 Significant digits, 10, 17–21
Recycling, 1 calculators and, 303
Redox equation(s), 205–209 in calculations, 19–21
in basic solution, 208–209 zeros as, 18–19
Redox equivalent, 221–223 Significant figures (See significant digits)
Redox reaction, 205 Simplest formula, 102
Reducing agent, 205 Single bond, 72, 262
Reduction, 205 Soap, 272
oxidation and, 201–218 Sodium chloride structure, 70–71, 71f
Relativity, theory of, 2 Solid, 3, 173
equation, 2, 285–286 Solubility, 126 , 219
and mass, 39 classes, 126
Replacement reaction, 124–126 infinite, 224p
Rest mass, 285 Solute, 162, 219
Ring structure, 265–266, 267 Solution(s), 4, 162–172, 219–229
Roman numeral(s), 90, 92, 205 acidity of, 249–250
in nomenclature, 89 aqueous, 126, 162
for oxidation numbers, 205 buffer, 251–252
Root mean square velocity, 197, 200p ions in, 76
Rounding, 12, 20–21 saturated, 219