Page 626 - Sensors and Control Systems in Manufacturing

Index
O O OSI (open system interconnect) model, 579
Object view spectral radiation, 495–497 207, 211–212
Objective probability, 542–543 OTDR (optical time-domain
OCR (optical character recognition), reflectometry), 172, 376
278 Output logic, 86
OEMs (original equipment Output modules, 448
manufacturers), 192 Output resolution of incremental
OFF delay logic, 96–97 encoder, 282
ON delay logic, 96–97
One-shot delay, 97 P P
On-line measuring and monitoring of Package-level programming, 262
gas, 356–359 Packaging machines, 48
ON/OFF delay logic, 97 Packets, 216
Open coil without core, 67 Parallel data transmission, 478–480
Open interfaces, CIM, 271–272 Parallel metrology, 342
Open system interconnect (OSI) Parallel sensor arrangement, 90
model, 207, 211–212 Parallel-connection logic, 89–91
Open-loop control systems, 49–51 Parallel-face protective windows, 521
Operating life, LED, 22, 29–30 Parallel-type data transmission, 479
Operating temperature (max rated Parallelism of measuring surfaces, 345
temperature), 21 Parameter values, 195
Operational level, CIM, 247 Part mating function, 413
Opportunity cost, 544 Partially visible objects, detecting,
Opposed sensing mode, 144, 152 395–400
Optic ground wire (OPGW), 375–376 Particle theory, 113
Optical character recognition (OCR), Parts, manufacturing status of,
278 204–207
Optical encoder, 279 Passive backplane and CPU card, 261
Optical fibers, 145–148, 305 Passive optical coupler, 170–171
Optical filter, 522 Passive sensors, 328, 381
Optical power budget, 158–159 Passive star coupler, 164
Optical power meter, hand-held, 174 Path controls, 465–466
Optical sensors, 310–312, 317–318, 382, Payload (carrying capacity), 422
557 Payroll, 245
Optical spectrometer, 356 PCBs (printed circuit boards), 22
Optical time-domain reflectometry PCS (plastic clad silica) fiber, 169
(OTDR), 172, 376 PDES (product definition exchange
Optical-fiber flow sensor, 351–352 specification), 271
Optical-fiber pyrometer, 336 Peak wavelength (L ), LED, 26
pk
Optical-fiber sensors, 328–329 Performance parameters, critical,
Optical-fiber thermometer, 333 362–363
Optimum detectors in light sensors, Personal computers, as single-board
288 computers
Optimum range, proximity and reflex central control units, 448–449
sensors, 60 overview, 445–446
Optoelectronic systems process computer, 450
feedback signals for servomotors, programmable logic controllers,
303–305 446–448
fuzzy logic for, 282–288 Personal service robots, 435–436
sensor tracking targets, 302–303 PERT (project evaluation and review
vision associative memory, 307–308 technique), 551–554
OR function, 89–91 Petroleum plants, liquid level sensors
Oral reports, 537 in, 353–355
Order size analysis, 541 Phased implementation, CIM, 272
Ordering costs, 547 PHIGS (programmer’s hierarchical
Organization theory, 6 interactive graphics standard), 271
Original equipment manufacturers PhL (physical layer), 208–211
(OEMs), 192 Phosphors, 15
Oscillator circuit, 65, 76 Photo sensing fluorescence, 7–8