Page 130 - Six Sigma for electronics design and manufacturing

99
Six Sigma and Manufacturing Control Systems
3.5 Conclusions
This chapter reviewed the different methodologies for controlling pro-
duction. Historically, they originated from statistical sampling tech-
niques and three standard deviation limits. The relationship of these
classical techniques to the concepts of six sigma was determined di-
rectly, using the central limit theorem for variable charts. For attrib-
ute charts, an implied Cpk concept was introduced to translate the
defect rate into six sigma terminology. As factories approach six sig-
ma quality, the use of control charts can be reduced, since the number
of total defects are few and sampling techniques to represent these
defects are not required. In this case, a corrective action process based
on TQM can be implemented to review and manage the six sigma
quality on the factory floor.
3.6 References and Bibliography
AT&T. Statistical Quality Control Handbook, 9th ed. Easton PA: Mack Print-
ing Company, 1984.
Afifi, A. and Azen, S. Statistical Analysis, A Computer Oriented Approach,
2nd ed. New York: Academic Press, 1979.
American National Standards Institute (ANSI). “Control Charts Methods of
Analyzing Data.” ASQC Standard B2/ANSI 21.2.
American National Standards Institute (ANSI). “Control Charts Method of
Controlling Quality During Production.” ASQC Standard B3/ANSI 21.3.
American National Standards Institute (ANSI). “Guide for Quality Control
Charts.” ASQC Standard B1/ANSI 21.1.
American National Standards Institute (ANSI). ANSI/IPC-PC-90 Standard.
Developed by the IPC, Lincolnwood, IL.
American Society for Quality Control (ASQC). “Definitions, Symbols, Formu-
las and Tables for Control Charts.” ANSI/ASQC A1.
Burr, I. Engineering Statistics and Quality Control. New York: McGraw-Hill,
1953.
Ducan, A. J. Quality Control and Industrial Statistics, 4th ed. Homewood, IL:
Irwin, 1995.
Feigenbaum, A. V. Total Quality Control, 3rd ed. New York: McGraw-Hill,
1983.
Grant E. and Leavenworth R. Statistical Quality Control, 5th ed. New York:
McGraw-Hill, 1980.
Johnson, R. Miller and Freund’s Probability and Statistics for Engineers. En-
glewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice Hall, 1994.
Moran, J., Talbot, R., and Benson, R. A Guide to graphical Problem Solving
Processes. Milwaukee, WI: ASQC Press, 1990.