Page 193 - Standard Handbook Of Petroleum & Natural Gas Engineering

178 General Engineering and Science

Table 2-13
Representative Equivalent Length in Pipe Diameters
(UD) of Various Valves and Fittings [l]
Globe valves, fully open ..................................................... 450
Angle valves, fully open ..................................................... 200
Gate valves, fully open ......................................... 13
V4 open ..................... ......................................... 35
'I2 open ............................................................................ 160
'I4 open ..... ............................................. 900
Swing check valves, fully open .......................................... 135
In line, ball check valves, fully open .................................. 150
Butterfly valves, 6 in. and larger, fully open ......................... 20
90" standard elbow .............................................................. 30
45" standard elbow .............................................................. 16
90" long-radius elbow ..... ........................... 20
90" street elbow ................................................................... 50
45" street elbow ................................................................... 26
Standard tee:
Flow through run ............................................................... 20
Flow through branch ......................................................... 60
Compiled from dta given in "Flow of Fluids," Crane Company Technical Paper 41 0, ASMF, 1971.

Example 2-14

Water flows from a horizontal 4-in. ID pipe into a horizontal 1-in. ID pipe at a rate
of 1,000 gal/min (see Figure 2-22). If the transition is abrupt, what will be the pressure
change across the connection?

Q - [(1,000 gal/min)(0.1337 ftJ/gal)(60 s/min)]
v =-- = 25.53 ft/s
I A,
12
4
[E ( ')'ft.]
[(l,000)(0. 1337)/(60)]
[a(&)']
vp = = 408.6 ft/s

y1 = y, = 62.4 Ib/ft3
From Table 2-8, DiJdoUt = 4; k = 0.45.
From Equation 2-54,

Y
PI - P, = AP = L[v;-v:+kv']- --[v~(l+k)-v~]
2g -2g
1
62'4 [408.6'(1 + 0.45) - 25.53'1-
2(32.2) 144
1,625 psi