Page 302 - Characterization and Properties of Petroleum Fractions - M.R. Riazi

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282 CHARACTERIZATION AND PROPERTIES OF PETROLEUM FRACTIONS
300
4 500
30
10 T1: IML 4 50 67 8 9100 Pressure, PSIA 6 78 9 1,000 2 3,000 4 6 7 8 9 10,000
10 2 2 10
9 Plotted from 1947 tabulations of 9
8 G. G. Brown, University of Michigan. 8
7 Extrapolated and drawn by 7
6 The Fluor Corp. Ltd. in 1957. 6
5 5
4 4
3 3
2 2
1.0 1.0
9 9
8 8
7 7
6 Temperatur e °F 6
5 500 5
4 4
3 450 3
2 400 2
0.1 380 0.1
9 360 9
8 340 8
7 7
6 320 6
5 5
4 300 4
K = y K = y
/x 3 280 3 /x
2 260 2
.01 240 .01
220
9 9
8 8
7 200 7
6 6
5 5
4 180 4
3 160 3
2 140 2
.001 120 .001
9 9
8 8
7 7
6 100 6
5 5
4 80 4
3 3
60
2 2
20 20
40
.0001 .0001
10 2 30 4 50 67 8 9100 2 300 4 500 6 7 8 9 1,000 2 3,000 4 6 7 8 9 10,000
Pressure, PSIA Decane
CONV. PRESS. 10,000 PSIA
FIG. 6.30—K i values of decane. Unit conversion: ◦ F = C × 1.8 + 32 psia =
◦
14.504 × bar. Taken with permission from Ref. [28]. --`,```,`,``````,`,````,```,,-`-`,,`,,`,`,,`---
(x 2 ) reduces from unity. This slight reduction in mole fraction neglecting C Pi :
of x 2 causes slight reduction in chemical potential according 1 H f
to Eq. (6.120). Therefore, at the freezing point when liquid (6.211) ln =− 2 1 − T M2
solvent is in equilibrium with its solid, the activity of pure x 2 RT M2 T
f
solid must be lower than its value that corresponds to nor- where H is the molar heat of fusion for pure solvent and
2
mal freezing point. This decrease in freezing point is called T M2 is the solvent melting point. T is the temperature at which
freezing point depression. At freezing point temperature, liq- solid and liquid phases are in equilibrium and is the same
uid and solid phases are in equilibrium and Eq. (6.206) ap- as the freezing point of solution after addition of solute. The
plies. If the solution is assumed ideal, Eq. (6.206) can be amount of decrease in freezing point is shown by T M2 , which
written for the solvent (component 2) in the following form is equal to (T M2 − T). The amount of solute in the solution is

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