Page 385 - Characterization and Properties of Petroleum Fractions - M.R. Riazi

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Applications: Phase MNL50-EB/May 2007
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Equilibrium Calculations
NOMENCLATURE S F Moles of solid formed in VLSE separation
process for each mole of initial feed (F = 1),
API API gravity defined in Eq. (2.4) dimensionless
a, b, c, d, e Constants in various equations SG Specific gravity of liquid substance at 15.5 C
◦
b A parameter defined in the Standing correla- (60 F) defined by Eq. (2.2), dimensionless
◦
tion, Eq. (6.202), K T Absolute temperature, K
C P Heat capacity at constant pressure defined by T b Normal boiling point, K
Eq. (6.17), J/mol · K T c Critical temperature, K
F Number of moles for the feed in VLSE unit, mol T M Freezing (melting) point for a pure component
(feed rate in mol/s) at 1.013 bar, K
F(V F ) Objective function defined in Eq. (9.4) to find T pc Pseudocritical temperature, K
value of V F T tc True-critical temperature, K
F SL Objective function defined in Eq. (9.19) to find T tp Triple point temperature, K
3
V Molar volume, cm /mol
value of S F
ˆ f i Fugacity of component i in a mixture defined V Number of moles of vapor formed in VLSE sep-
by Eq. (6.109), bar aration process, mol (rate in mol/s)
L
L
ˆ f (T, P, x ) Fugacity of component i in a liquid mixture of Liquid molar volume of pure component A at
i i V A
L
3
composition x at T and P, bar normal boiling point, cm /mol
i
Equilibrium ratio in vapor–liquid equilibria Mole of vapor formed in VLSE separation pro-
K i V F
(K i = y i /x i ) defined in Eq. (6.196), dimension- cess for each mole of feed (F = 1), dimension-
less less
3
K VS Equilibrium ratio in vapor–solid equilibria V c Critical molar volume, cm /mol (or critical spe-
i
3
S
(K i SL = y i /x ), dimensionless cific volume, cm /g)
i
k AB Binary interaction coefficient of asphaltene and V i Molar volume of pure component i at T and P,
3
asphaltene-free crude oil, dimensionless cm /mol
3
L Number of moles of liquid formed in VLE pro- V m L Molar volume of liquid mixture, cm /mol
cess, mol (rate in mol/s) x i Mole fraction of component i in a mixture
L F Mole of liquid formed in VLSE process for each (usually used for liquids), dimensionless
mole of feed (F = 1), dimensionless x i S Mole fraction of component i in a solid mix-
M Molecular weight (molar mass), g/mol ture, dimensionless
[kg/kmol] y i Mole fraction of i in a mixture (usually used for
M B Molecular weight (molar mass) of asphaltene- gases), dimensionless
free crude oil, g/mol Z Compressibility factor defined by Eq. (5.15), di-
N Number of components in a mixture mensionless
n S Number of moles of component j in the solid Z c Critical compressibility factor [Z = P c V c /RT c ],
j
phase, mol dimensionless
P Pressure, bar z i Mole fraction of i in the feed mixture (in VLE
Bubble point pressure, bar or VLSE separation process), dimensionless
P b
Critical pressure, bar
P c
Triple point pressure, bar Greek Letters
P tp
R Gas constant = 8.314 J/mol · K (values in differ-
ent units are given in Section 1.7.24) Difference between two values of a parameter
−5
Refractivity intercept [= n 20 − d 20 /2] defined in ε Convergence tolerance (e.g., 10 )
R i Volume fraction of component i in a mixture
Eq. (2.14) φ i
3
R S Dilution ratio of LMP solvent to oil (cm of sol- defined by Eq. (9.11), dimensionless
Volume fraction of component i in a mixture
3
vent added to1gof oil), cm /g i
S Number of moles of solid formed in VLSE sep- defined by Eq. (9.33), dimensionless
aration process, mol (rate in mol/s) ˆ φ i Fugacity coefficient of component i in a mix-
ture at T and P defined by Eq. (6.110)
365
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