Page 309 - Advances in Biomechanics and Tissue Regeneration

15.3 NUMERICAL IMPLEMENTATION AND APPLICATIONS 307

FIG. 15.13 MSC differentiation
Time=200 h MI 0.0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9 1.0 Time=200 h MI 0.0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9 1.0 to osteoblast (A and B), chondro-
cyte (C and D), and neuroblast (E
and F) as well as corresponding
cell phenotype proliferation within
200 200
hard, intermediate, and soft ECMs,
respectively. ECM with stiffness of
(A) 30 kPa, (B) 45 kPa, (C) 20 kPa,
100 100
z z (D) 25 kPa, (E) 0.1 kPa, and
(F) 1 kPa.
400 400
0 300 0 300
200 200 200 200
100 100 x 100 100 x
y y
0 0 0 0
(A) (B)
Time=200 h MI 0.0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9 1.0 Time=200 h MI 0.0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9 1.0

200 200

100 100
z z
400 400
0 300 0 300
200 200 200 200
100 100 x 100 100 x
y y
0 0 0 0
(C) (D)

Time=300 h MI 0.0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9 1.0 Time=300 h MI 0.0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9 1.0

200 200

100 100
z z
400 400
0 300 0 300
200 200 200 200
100 100 x 100 100 x
y 0 0 y 0 0
(E) (F)

1000 1000 10
30 kPa 20 kPa 0,1 kPa
45 kPa 25 kPa 1 kPa
100 A B 100 B 1
[pN] [pN] A [pN] B
F trac net F trac net F trac net
10 10 0.1
A

1 1 0.01
0 2 4 6 8 0 2 4 6 8 0 2 4 6 8 10 12
Day Day Day
(A) (B) (C)
trac
FIG. 15.14 Average cell traction force, F net , versus time within (a) hard (with a stiffness of 30–45), (b) intermediate (with a stiffness of 20–25 kPa),
and (c) soft (with a stiffness of 0.1–1 kPa) ECMs during MSC differentiation and corresponding cell phenotype proliferation. Points A represents the
instant of MSC differentiation to osteoblast (a), chondrocyte (b), and neuroblast (c) while points B are the initial instant of cell proliferation.

II. MECHANOBIOLOGY AND TISSUE REGENERATION