Page 330 - Biofuels Refining and Performance

Index 309

P. furiosus, in biohydrogen production, 42 Photosynthesis (Cont.):
Packer, Lester, 18, 22 efficiency of, 49–52
PAFCs (see Phosphoric acid fuel cells) factors in, 8–9
Palm oil, 56, 166, 179, 180 light dependent step (light reaction),
Panicum, 57, 58 22, 47
Papaya oil, 135–136 mechanism and efficiency of, 46–47
Partial oxidation (POX), 285–286 photosynthetic process, 47–52
Pathogenic prions, 131 temperature dependent step (dark
Peanut oil, 56, 167, 168, 184 reaction), 47–48
Peat formation, 30 Photosynthetic bacteria, 25
PEMFCs (see Polymer electrolyte in biohydrogen production, 40–41
membrane fuel cells) photofermentation by, 26–27
Pentasil, 228 Photosynthetic plants, 45–66
Pentose phosphate pathway (PPP), 50, Artocarpus hirsute, 58–59
83–85 babassu, 55
Pentoses: Calotropis procera, 59
ethanol production from, 85 cassava, 55
fermentation of, 90 Causuarina, 53, 54
Peroxide value (biodiesel), 156 eucalyptus, 53
Petrol (see Gasoline) Ficus elastica, 58–59
Petroleum-based fuels: growing cycles of, 52–60
demand versus supply of, 191, 192 growth conditions for, 59, 60
pollutants from, 191, 192 harvesting plants for bioenergy, 60–61
substitutes for, 192 hemp, 58
pH specificity (living cells), 21 mechanism/efficiency of photosynthesis
Phauxostat, 92 in, 46–47
Phenolic compounds, in hydrolyzates, 80 mimosa, 54–55
Philippines, alcogas program in, 197 Miscanthus, 57
Phosphoric acid fuel cells (PAFCs), 267–271 oil-bearing crops, 55–57
electrochemistry, 268–269 Panicum, 57, 58
electrode, 269 photosynthetic process in, 47–52
hardware, 269 products from, 61–66
performance, 270–271 sorghum, 55
stationary power applications, 289 sugarcane, 55
temperature and humidity yields of, 59–60
management, 270 Photosynthetic systems, characteristic
Photobiolysis, 25–26 energy limitations of, 10
Photofermentation, 26–27 Physic nut oil, 56–57
Photolysis: Plant cells, energy of, 22–25
electron flow during, 22, 23 Plant hydrocarbons, 27–28
two-stage system, 23–24 Plants:
of water, 19–21, 48 (See also light as antennas and batteries, 10
reaction) as biomass (see Photosynthetic plants)
Photophosphorylation, 8 oil-bearing (see Oils, plant)
cyclic and noncyclic, 15 Plastoquinones, 19, 21
in light reaction, 49 Pollution:
Photosynthesis: with animal fat fuels, 132
artificial, 2 and cetane number, 152–154
in bioenergy cell models, 18–21 with ethanol, 216
in biofuel production, 25–27 fuel type and diesel exhaust emissions,
biosynthesis of higher carbohydrates, 22 165–169
C 3 metabolism, 50, 52 with gobargas, 31
C 4 metabolism, 51–52 with methanol, 211, 213, 216, 217