Page 327 - Biofuels Refining and Performance

306 Index

Gcals (gram calories), 295 Hydrogen, production of (Cont.)
Genencor International, 63 by photoheterotrophic bacteria, 26–27
Geothermal energy sources, 4 in two-stage photolysis system, 23–24
Global energy consumption, 251 in wind/solar power fuel cell systems,
Global warming, 45, 251 290–291
Glycolysis, 84, 85 Hydrogen energy, 37–38
Gobargas, 29–34 Hydrogen fuel cells, 5, 252, 254
comparison with other fuels, 12 Hydrolysis:
positive and negative factors with, for ethanol production, 74–76
31–32 of lignocellulosic materials
production of, 32–34 chemical, 78–80
Gobargas plants, 30, 32–33 enzymatic, 80–82
Gold-of-pleasure oil, 126–127 Hypolimnon systems, 9
Gram calories (gcals), 295 H-ZSM-5, 228
Groundnut oil, 166
Grove, William, 252 Ideal energy crops, characteristics of,
Guaiacyl lignins, 77 52–53
Guaiacylsyringyl lignins, 77 Ignition Quality Tester (IQT), 153–154
Implanted medical devices, 252, 279
Heat, as wasteful form of energy, 1 India:
Heat content, 7 methanol production, 209
Hemicelluloses, 76, 77, 79 solar energy, 2
Hemp, 58 sugarcane production, 194
Heterocystous blue-green algae, 26 Industrial waste waters, low-temperature
Heterotrophs, solar energy used by, 8 conversion of, 241–245
Hexoses: Infrastructure, impact of alcohol fuels on,
ethanol production from, 83–85 219
fermentation of, 90 Injury potential (living cells), 21
Hill reaction (light reaction), 48–49 Innovation, 2
(See also Light reaction) Integrated biorefinery process,
Hone oil, 168 64–65
Human excreta, 34 Internal combustion engine fuels:
Human population, energy requirement alcohols (see Alcohol fuels)
for, 1 biodiesel, 108
Hydrocarbon fuels, sulfur odorants in, petroleum-based, 191–192
288 International cooperation, in energy
Hydrocarbon gases, in ethanol development, 2
production, 196–197 Iodine value (IV), 157–158
Hydrocarbons: Iogen Corp., 63
from fossil fuels, 251 IQT (see Ignition Quality Tester)
plant, 27–28 Isolated enzyme fuel cells, 279, 280
vegetable oil fuel blends with, 225–239 Isopropyl esters, 155
feed component in FCC, 237–239 IV (see Iodine value)
refitting engines for, 227
tailored conversion products, Japan:
227–237 fuel cell technology in, 290
Hydrodynamics, 4 Research Institute of Innovative
Hydrogen: Technology for the Earth (RITE),
for biofuels, 25–27 88
combustion of, 37 Jatropha oil, 56–57, 115–116, 170–177
as fuel, 5, 37–38 Jojoba oil, 56
production of Joules (electrical), 295
by microbial conversion, 38–43 Joules (work energy), 295