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342     PART V • Historical and Future Climate Change


         8. Some climate skeptics point out that temperatures  Hoffman. 1992. “Climate Forcing by
            were warmer in north polar regions 6000 years     Anthropogenic Aerosols.” Science 225: 423–30.
            ago, and conclude that modern greenhouse-gas    Foukal, P., G. North, and T. Wigley. 2004. “A Stellar
            concentrations have not produced warmth that is   View on Solar Variations and Climate.” Science 307:
            unusual by natural standards. Evaluate the        68–9.
            relevance of this conclusion based on what you  Hansen, J. E., A. Lacis, D. Rind, G. Russell, P. Stone,
            have learned from this book.                      I. Fung, K. Ruedy, and J. Lerner. 1984. “Climate
                                                              Sensitivity: Analysis of Feedback Mechanisms.”
                                                              American Geophysical Union Geophysical Monograph
          Additional Resources                                Series 29: 49–52.
                                                            Hoffert, M. I., and C. Covey. 1992. “Deriving Global
        Basic Reading                                         Climate Sensitivity from Paleoclimate
        Henson, R. 2006. “The Rough Guide to Climate          Reconstructions.” Nature 360: 573–76.
           Change.” London: Rough Guides.                   Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change. 2007.
        Karl, T. R., and K. E. Trenberth. 1999. “The Human    “Climate Change 2007: The Physical Science
           Impact on Climate.” Scientific American (December),  Basis.” Geneva: World Meterological
           100–105.                                           Organization.
        Schneider, S. H. 1997. Laboratory Earth: The Planetary  Liepert, B. G. 2002. “Observed Reductions in Surface
           Gamble We Can’t Afford to Lose. New York: Basic    Solar Radiation in the United States and Worldwide
           Books.                                             from 1961 to 1990.” Geophysical Research Letters 29,
        www.igbp.net (International Geosphere-Biosphere       doi 10.1029/2002GL014910.
           Program)                                         National Research Council. 2003. Understanding
        http://wcrp.wmo.int/ (World Climate research          Climate Change Feedbacks. Washington, DC:
           Program)                                           National Academy of Sciences Press.
        www.ncdc.noaa.gov/oa/climate/globalwarming.html     Ramanathan, V., et al. 2001. “The Indian Ocean
           (National Climate Data Center)                     Experiment: An Integrated Assessment of the
        www.ipcc.ch (Intergovernmental Panel on Climate       Climate Forcing and Effects of the Great Indo-
           Change)                                            Asian Haze.” Journal of Geophysical Research 106:
        www.pages-igbp.org (Past Global Changes Project)      28371–99.
                                                            Wigley, T. M. L., P. J. Jaunman, B. D. Santer, and K.
        Advanced Reading                                      E. Taylor. 1998. “Relative Detectability of
        Charlson, R. J., S. E. Schwartz, J. M. Hales, R. D.   Greenhouse Gas and Aerosol Climate Change
           Cess, J. A. Coakley, J. E. Hansen, and D. J.       Signals.” Climate Dynamics 14: 781–90.
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