Page 48 - Engineered Interfaces in Fiber Reinforced Composites

/ P
Chapter 2. Characterization of interfaces 31
Energy
analyzer

Scattered

f ion beam
Primary ion beam - _------
(Mass selected) - P

Crystal
Fig. 2.15. Schematic diagram of ion scattering experiment.

further increased by yielding positive and negative ion mass spectra from elements
as well as from molecular fragments. This combination uses energy analysis of
backscattered beam ions, hydrogen detection and molecular ion identification by
mass analysis of both negative and positive secondary sputtered ions. The ISS/SIMS
technique is particularly useful for polymer matrix composites to determine the elemental
distributions and the presence of F or Si originating from mold release agents.

2.3.8. Solid state nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy

Solid state NMR spectroscopy is used to determine molecular structures by
analyzing the static and dynamic features of the material. In NMR experiments,
both a magnetic field and a radio frequency field are applied to a solid sample or a
solution resulting in an absorption of energy, which is detected as an NMR.
Spectrometers are also available for high resolution solid state NMR. Nuclei in

32O

analyzer
Electron energy
anatyzer
I
I
-
-
-=t\ fl I
*: I

Fig. 2.16. A combination of SIMS and ISS. After Lee (1989).