Page 250 - Fundamentals of Physical Volcanology

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INDEX 227

dry temperature 18, 19 Mount Pinatubo, Philippines 19, 153
formation 27, 28 aerosols 183–4
migration 28–9, 28 climate monitoring 179, 182
partial 24, 27–8, 36, 39, 40, 213 lahar 170, 170
pressure 44, 44 pyroclastic falls 167
pressure release 18, 27 sulphur content 186
processes 18–19, 22–6, 29 Mount St Helens 1, 5, 74, 121, 151, 153, 156, 158
wet temperature 18–19, 19 ash accumulation 166
Mercury 190, 190, 205–6 eruption column 2, 83
density 206 lava dome 3
eruption speed 192 magma composition 186
evolution 206 oversteepening 119
intercrater plains 205, 206 pyroclastic density current 117, 123
iron core 206 mudflows 168–70, 177, 217
lava flows 206, 206 mush columns 56, 58
pressure 192
thrust faults 206 Neptune 191
meteoric water 94, 95 Nevada Del Ruiz, Columbia 169
meteorites 192, 199, 205, 210, 211 New Zealand 7, 9, 10
Mexico 107, 179, 182, 184, 186 Newtonian fluid 132, 133, 134, 135, 136, 142
Mid-Atlantic Ridge 21, 23 Newton’s third law of motion 99
mid-ocean ridges 10, 19, 22–4, 22, 29, 213, 214 Ngauruhoe, New Zealand 7, 9, 10
basalt 10, 22 nonNewtonian fluid 132, 142
spreading 21–2, 24, 39 novae 204
volcanoes 41 Novarupta dome, Alaska 127
Mogi model 49, 50, 51, 52 nuclear winter 185, 187
momentum nuée ardente 7, 7
conservation of 83, 91 Nyiragongo, Congo 153
equation 79
transfer 106 O'ahu, Hawai’I 116
Montana Colorado cone, Lanzarote 75 ophiolite complex 26
Montserrat 153 ozone 170, 218
Moon 190, 190, 192, 194–7
atmospheric pressure 148, 197 Pacific, Ring of Fire 19, 21
basaltic lava 194 pahoehoe lava 126, 130, 131, 138–9, 138, 139, 139,
carbon monoxide 196–7 140, 142, 163
craters 194, 196, 197 Pelée see Mount Pelée, Martinique
dark halo deposits 197, 197 perched lava pond 141, 142
dikes 195 peridotite 26
domes 196 Philippines 12, 19, 153, 167, 170, 170, 179, 182, 183–4,
eruption speed 192, 196 186
formation 194 phoenix clouds 120, 121, 124, 216
gas 196, 197 phreatomagmatic eruptions 10, 12–13, 14, 94
graben 195 pillow lava 10, 11, 13, 101, 101, 103, 139, 140
lava flows 136, 195–6, 195 Pinatubo see Mount Pinatubo, Philippines
plate tectonics 194 Piton de la Fournaise, Réunion 21, 156, 174
pyroclastic features 197, 197 plastic deformation 31–2, 31, 132, 134
shield volcano 196, 196 plate tectonics 19–26, 29, 34, 38, 190–1, 198, 208, 211
volcanism duration 195 Plinian eruptions 5–7, 59, 64, 83, 89, 145, 148, 153,
Mount Etna, Sicily 58, 154–6, 179 162, 187, 213
monitoring 175 cloud spreading 105, 106
Mount Pelée, Martinique 6, 7 computer modeling 199–200