Page 248 - Fundamentals of Physical Volcanology

9780632054435_6_ind.qxd 12/10/2007 12:37PM Page 225

INDEX 225

perched lava pond 141, 142 surface textures 137–40, 142
rheological properties 132, 134, 135, 139 thickness 129–30, 131, 136–7, 140
rope within rope structure 126 turbulent 135–6, 195–6
skin 75 types 128–31
strain rate 132 volume limited 126, 130, 137, 141
surface tension 132 lava fountain 1, 1, 3, 3, 64, 127, 128, 141, 144–5, 151,
temperature 26 152, 207, 217
thermal diffusivity 130–1 lava lake 8, 8
vesicular 127 lava tube 131, 136, 137, 141, 217
viscosity 24, 132, 135, 139, 140–1, 148 roof collapse 132
volumes 4–5 tide marks 131
yield strength 97, 132, 133, 134, 136, 142, 217 wetted perimeter 136–7
see also 'a'a lava; block lava; lava domes; pahoehoe liquidus 18, 18, 19, 25, 44–5, 132
lava; toothpaste lava littoral cone 11, 11
lava breakout 130–1, 130, 141 Lo'ihi, Hawai’I 11
lava domes 3, 3, 64, 119–20, 126, 134, 140, 142, 147
collapse 124, 147–8, 151 maar crater 13, 14, 101–2
lava flows 2, 3, 19, 64, 126–43, 151, 156, 203, 203, magmons 28
204–5, 207 magma 2, 74, 119, 201, 213
central channel 129, 131, 134, 135, 136, 141, 142, acceleration 151, 215
217 alkali content 145
compound field 131, 131, 139, 142, 201 bimodal magmatism 24
cooling depth 136–7, 138 brittle 95
cooling-limited 130, 137, 141 carbon dioxide content 147
cross-sectional area 136–7 composition 22–6, 43, 58, 65, 73, 95, 144, 146, 153,
entering water 10–11 185–6, 188, 213
flux 136–7 decompression 151
formation 141–2 density 36, 38, 38, 193
friction factor 135 equilibration 45
geometry 126, 133–5 exit velocity 80–1
gravity 127 flow speed 33, 40
hazards 126, 165–6, 172 formation 15, 16
instability 124 gas content 26, 36, 64–7, 75, 80–1, 90, 90, 91, 112,
internal structure 134, 135 113, 127, 144, 146, 147, 148–9, 149, 162, 208
laminar 135 generation 18–30
lateral spreading 130 migration 15, 16, 31–42, 215
length 126, 130, 136–7, 199, 201 mixing 25, 58–9, 64
levée shape 133–4, 133, 136 open systems 94
levées 129, 131, 133, 139, 141, 142 plastic 95, 119
lobe properties 130, 135, 135 pressure changes 78, 81
morphologies 129 rate of shear 146
motion 135–6 rheology 74, 119
origin 127–8 rise speed 68, 71–3, 73, 75–9, 78, 80, 94, 148–9, 149,
parabolic levée 134 153, 215
property destruction 177 segregation 18–30
rheology 129, 130, 132–5 silica content 26, 145, 153
sheet flow 3, 129–30, 130, 141 skin 95, 96–7, 119
slope 129, 130, 133, 140–1, 141 strain rates 152, 153
speed 126, 131, 135–6, 140 sulphur content 185–6
stress distribution 135 supersaturated 66, 67, 74, 76, 147, 151, 160, 192
surface tension 130 supply rate 62, 201