Page 606 - Handbook of Biomechatronics

598 Index

Impedance Islets of Langerhans, 408
and compliance, 35 Iterative LQG (iLQG) controller, 100
variable and low impedance actuators,
53–54 J
Implantable insulin pumps, 439–442,
Jarvik-7 heart, 535–536
440–442f
Implantable myoelectric sensors (IMESs),
214, 219–220, 220f K
Inclinometer, 77 Kalman filter (KF), 105
Indego Powered Leg Orthosis prototype, Kinematic-based position control, 328–329
293–294 Kinematics, defined, 297
Infrared (IR) Kubelka-Munk (K-M) equation, 412
laser light, 364–365
spectroscopy, 426–427 L
“InMotion Arm”, 323 Landolt-C optotypes acuity (LCA) tests,
Inner limiting membrane (ILM), 361 365–366
Insulin, 405–406 Laser light, infrared, 364–365
delivery, automated, 451–454 Lateral geniculate nucleus (LGN), prosthesis,
Insulin-on-board (IOB) calculator, 450 376–379
Insulin pumps, 431–433, 432f LCD. See Liquid-crystal display (LCD)
data exchange, 439 Left ventricular assist device (LVAD),
external interface, 438 530–532, 530f, 540–541f, 557
implantable, 439–442, 440–442f Legal blindness, 355–356
modern, 433–439, 435f Lever, 66, 66f
portability, 436 LIFEs. See Longitudinal intrafascicular
power management, 437–438 electrodes (LIFEs)
pumping and sensing, 436–437 Light-dependent resistor, 69, 70f
self-test and alarms, 438–439 Limb amputations, 241–242
V-Go spring-driven disposable, 437f Limbitless, 202
Integrated biomechatronic models, 100 Linear control theory, 103–106
Integration, 11–12 Linear-quadratic (LQ) control, 103–104,
Intelligent Medical Implants (IMI) system, 104f
361, 363–364 Linear quadratic Gaussian (LQG) optimal
Interconnections mechanism, 17–19, 17–18f feedback control method, 100
International Standards Organization (ISO), Linear quadratic regulator (LQR), 100
34–35 Linear state estimation, 105–106
Interventional radiology, 7 Linear transmission, 49, 50f
Intracortical microstimulation (ICMS), 373 Liotta-Cooley heart, 534
Intramuscular EMG, 83–84, 83f Liquid-crystal display (LCD), 421
Intramuscular myoelectric sensor (IMES), Load cell, 75, 75f
83, 83f,85 Local viscous stress, 463
Inverse dynamic simulation, 97–98 Locomotion, 7
Involuntary actuation signals, 8 Longitudinal intrafascicular electrodes
Ionic electroactive polymers, 47 (LIFEs), 221
Ionic polymer-metal composite (IPMC), Lorentz’s force, 70
487–488 law, 42
Iontophoresis, reverse, 426, 427f Low-back pain, nonspecific, 5–6