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12    Cha pte r  O n e



                                                   IC Integration
                                                  ASICS
                                                                 DRAM
                                          RF-IC
                                                                Storage
                                                               capacitance
                                      OE-IC
                                                                     Flash
                                        DSP                        High voltage
                                       System                      tunnel oxides
                                      integration               SRAM
                                         U processor  Imaging  Dense features
                                                 Light sensitive devices
                              Source: HalLasky, IBM Microelectronics
                                           SOC: A complete system on one chip
                                             Package-Enabled Integration
                                      RFIC           Digital IC      Optical IC

                                                                      Substrate
                                            MCM: Interconnected components
                                                          IC
                                                            Package
                                                                     Flash
                                                                      RAM
                            IC
                                                                      μP
                             Super IC Stack (ASET)  Package (Fujitsu)  Stacked IC (Amkor)
                                      SIP: Stacked chip/package for reduced form factors

                                                SOP-Based Integration

                                    RF IC     Opto IC   Digital IC
                        IC and       RF       Opto      Electrical                Codesign
                        system                                                      and
                                          Package with opto, RF, digital functions  optimization
                                  Best of:
                                  • IC integration
                                  • Package-enabled integration
                                  • System integration

                    FIGURE 1.9  (a) IC and package-enabled integration interconnecting two or more ICs. (b) SOP:
                    True package and IC integration.


                    that this kind of progress can go on forever, leading to a “system-on-a-chip” for all
                    applications to form complete end-product systems.
                       The SOC schematic shown in Figure 1.9a, for example, seeks to integrate numerous
                    system functions on one silicon device horizontally, namely the chip. If this chip can be
                    designed and fabricated cost effectively with computing, communication, and consumer
                    functions (such as processor, memory, wireless, and graphics) by integrating the required
                    components (such as antennas, filters, switches, transmitting waveguides, and other
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