Page 350 - Characterization and Properties of Petroleum Fractions - M.R. Riazi

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AT029-Manual
330 CHARACTERIZATION AND PROPERTIES OF PETROLEUM FRACTIONS
Greek Letters
2
2
A Value of a property for component A
α Thermal diffusivity (= k/ρC p ), m /s or cm /s 14:25 Subscripts
α AB A thermodynamic parameter for nonideality of a B Value of a property for component B
liquid mixture defined by Eq. (8.63), dimension- b Value of a property at the normal boiling point
less c Value of a property at the critical point
ε i Energy parameter for component i (see Eq. 8.57) i, j Value of a property for component i or j in a mixture
ij Dimensionless parameter defined in Eq. (8.7) L Value of a property for liquid phase
φ Porosity of a porous media (Eq. 8.73), dimension- m Mixture property
less od Value of a property for dead oil (crude oil) at atmospheric
θ wo Oil–water contact angle, in degrees as used in Eq. pressure
(8.84) r Reduced property
ρ Density at a given temperature and pressure, g/cm 3 T Values of property at temperature T
3
(molar density unit: cm /mol) w Values of a property for water
◦
ρ M Molar density at a given temperature and pressure, 20 Values of property at 20 C
mol/cm 3
Reduced density (= ρ/ρ c = V c /V), dimensionless
ρ r
Oil density at a given temperature, g/cm 3
ρ o Acronyms
Water density at a given temperature, g/cm 3
ρ w
σ Molecular size parameter, ˚ A[1 ˚ A = 10 −10 m] API-TDB American Petroleum Institute—Technical Data
σ Surface tension of a liquid at a given temperature, Book (see Ref. [5])
dyn/cm BIP Binary interaction parameter
Surface tension of a hydrocarbon at a given temper- bbl Barrel, unit of volume of liquid as given in Section
σ H
ature, dyn/cm 1.7.11.
σ wo Interfacial tension of oil and water at a given temper- cp Centipoise, unit of viscosity, (1 cp = 0.01 p = 0.01
ature, dyn/cm g · cm · s = 1 mPa · s = 10 −3 kg/m · s)
σ so Surface tension of water with rock surface, dyn/cm cSt Centistoke, unit of kinematic viscosity, (1 cSt =
2
ω Acentric factor defined by Eq. (2.10), dimensionless 0.01 St = 0.01 cm /s)
ξ Viscosity parameter defined by Eq. (8.5), (cp) −1 DIPPR Design Institute for Physical Property Data (see
μ Absolute viscosity, mPa · s (cp) Ref. [10])
μ a Viscosity at atmospheric pressure, mPa · s (cp) EOS Equation of state
μ c Critical viscosity, mPa · s (cp) GLR Gas-to-liquid ratio
μ P Viscosity at pressure P, mPa · s IFT Interfacial tension
μ r Reduced viscosity (= μ/μ c ), dimensionless PNA Paraffins, naphthenes, aromatics content of a
2
ν Kinematic viscosity (= μ/ρ), cSt (10 −2 cm /s) petroleum fraction
◦
◦
ν 38(100) Kinematic viscosity of a liquid at 37.8 C (100 F), cSt scf Standard cubic foot (unit for volume of gas at 1
2
(10 −2 cm /s) atm and 60 F).
◦
Molecular energy parameter (i.e., see Eqs. 8.31 or stb Stock tank barrel (unit for volume of lquid oil at 1
8.57) atm and 60 F).
◦

Parameter defined in Eq. (8.38)
−1
λ Parameter defined in Eq. (8.34), m · s · mol . IN THIS CHAPTER, application of various methods presented
Activity coefficient of component A in liquid solution
γ A in previous chapters is extended to estimate another type of
defined by Eq. (6.112), dimensionless physical properties, namely, transport properties for various
Association parameter defined in Eq. (8.60), dimen-
AB petroleum fractions and hydrocarbon mixtures. Transport
sionless properties generally include viscosity, thermal conductivity,
τ Tortuosity, dimensionless parameter defined for pore and diffusion coefficient (diffusivity). These are molecular
connection structure in a porous media system (see properties of a substance that indicate the rate at which
Eq. 8.71) specific (per unit volume) momentum, heat, or mass are
τ yx x component of momentum flux in the y direction, transferred. Science of the study of these processes is called
N/m 2 transport phenomenon. One good text that describes these
--`,```,`,``````,`,````,```,,-`-`,,`,,`,`,,`---
π A numerical constant = 3.14159265
processes was written by Bird et al. [1]. The first edition
appeared in 1960 and remained a leading source for four
decades until its second publication in 1999. A fourth prop-
Superscript
erty that also determines transport of a fluid is surface or
g Value of a property for gas phase interfacial tension (IFT), which is needed in calculations re-
ig Value of a property for component “i” as ideal gas at tem- lated to the rise of a liquid in capillary tubes or its rate of
perature T and P → 0 spreading over a surface. Among these properties, viscosity is
L Value of a property at liquid phase considered as one of the most important physical properties
V Value of a property at vapor phase for calculations related to fluid flow followed by thermal con-
o Value of a property at low pressure (ideal gas state) con- ductivity and diffusivity. Interfacial tension is important in
dition at a given temperature reservoir engineering calculations to determine the rate of oil

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