Page 14 - Handbook of Battery Materials

Contents XIII

11.2.1.2 Starter Battery Separators 294
11.2.1.3 Industrial Battery Separators 296
11.2.1.3.1 Stationary Battery Separators 296
11.2.1.3.2 Traction Battery Separators 298
11.2.1.3.3 Electrical Vehicle Battery Separators 299
11.2.2 Separators for Starter Batteries 300
11.2.2.1 Polyethylene Pocket Separators 300
11.2.2.1.1 Production Process 300
11.2.2.1.2 Mixing and Extrusion 301
11.2.2.1.3 Properties 301
11.2.2.1.4 Profiles 304
11.2.2.1.5 Product Comparison 306
11.2.2.2 Leaf Separators 306
11.2.2.2.1 Sintered PVC Separators 307
11.2.2.2.2 Cellulosic Separators 309
11.2.2.2.3 Glass Fiber Leaf Separators 310
11.2.2.2.4 Leaf Separators with Attached Glass Mat 311
11.2.2.2.5 ‘Japanese’ Separators 311
11.2.2.2.6 Microfiber Glass Separators 312
11.2.2.3 Comparative Evaluation of Starter Battery Separators 313
11.2.3 Separators for Industrial Batteries 316
11.2.3.1 Separators for Traction Batteries 316
11.2.3.1.1 Polyethylene Separators 316
11.2.3.1.2 Rubber Separators 319
11.2.3.1.3 Phenol–Formaldehyde–Resorcinol Separators (DARAK 5000) 320
11.2.3.1.4 Microporous PVC Separators 320
11.2.3.1.5 Comparative Evaluation of the Traction Battery Separators 321
11.2.3.2 Separators for Open Stationary Batteries 321
11.2.3.2.1 Polyethylene Separators 322
11.2.3.2.2 Phenol–Formaldehyde Resin–Resorcinol Separators (DARAK 2000/
5005) 322
11.2.3.2.3 Microporous PVC Separators 322
11.2.3.2.4 Sintered PVC Separators 322
11.2.3.2.5 Comparative Evaluation of Separators for Open Stationary
Batteries 323
11.2.3.3 Separators for Valve Regulated Lead–Acid (VRLA) Batteries 324
11.2.3.3.1 Batteries with Absorptive Glass Mat 324
11.2.3.3.2 Batteries with Gelled Electrolyte 325
11.3 Separators for Alkaline Storage Batteries 328
11.3.1 General 328
11.3.2 Primary Cells 329
11.3.3 Nickel Systems 329
11.3.3.1 Nickel–Cadmium Batteries 329
11.3.3.1.1 Vented Construction 329
11.3.3.1.2 Sealed Construction 330