Page 15 - Handbook of Battery Materials

XIV Contents

11.3.3.2 Nickel–Metal Hydride Batteries 331
11.3.4 Zinc Systems 331
11.3.4.1 Nickel–Zinc Storage Batteries 331
11.3.4.2 Zinc–Manganese Dioxide Secondary Cells 332
11.3.4.3 Zinc–Air Batteries 332
11.3.4.4 Zinc-Bromine Batteries 333
11.3.4.5 Zinc–Silver Oxide Storage Batteries 333
11.3.5 Separator Materials for Alkaline Batteries 334
Acknowledgments 337
References 337

Part III Materials for Alkali Metal Batteries 341

12 Lithium Intercalation Cathode Materials for Lithium-Ion Batteries 343
Arumugam Manthiram and Theivanayagam Muraliganth
12.1 Introduction 343
12.2 History of Lithium-Ion Batteries 343
12.3 Lithium-Ion Battery Electrodes 345
12.4 Layered Metal Oxide Cathodes 347
12.5 Layered LiCoO 2 348
12.6 Layered LiNiO 2 350
12.7 Layered LiMnO 2 352
12.8 Li[Li 1/3 Mn 2/3 ]O 2 -LiMO 2 Solid Solutions 352
12.9 Other Layered Oxides 354
12.10 Spinel Oxide Cathodes 355
12.11 Spinel LiMn 2 O 4 355
12.12 5 V Spinel Oxides 359
12.13 Other Spinel Oxides 361
12.14 Polyanion-containing Cathodes 362
12.15 Phospho-Olivine LiMPO 4 363
12.16 Silicate Li 2 MSiO 4 369
12.17 Other Polyanion-containing Cathodes 370
12.18 Summary 370
Acknowledgments 371
References 371

13 Rechargeable Lithium Anodes 377
Jun-ichi Yamaki and Shin-ichi Tobishima
13.1 Introduction 377
13.2 Surface of Uncycled Lithium Foil 379
13.3 Surface of Lithium Coupled with Electrolytes 380
13.4 Cycling Efficiency of Lithium Anode 381
13.4.1 Measurement Methods 381
13.4.2 Reasons for the Decrease in Lithium Cycling Efficiency 382
13.5 Morphology of Deposited Lithium 382