Page 415 - Pipeline Risk Management Manual Ideas, Techniques, and Resources

390 Index
Computer 374,183-6 Depth ofcover 178
environments 183-94 distribution 227
permissive 280 failure probability 298
programs 38 offshore 245
software 186 survey 128,380
useinriskprogram 37-8, 185 third party 46-8
CONCAWE 303 Design 38.40.44
Concrete pipe 234 distribution systems 234-7
Concrete slab, failure probability 298 facilities 268-9
Conductivity (see Terrain) human errors I19
Confidence limits 304-5 index 91-115,118
Consequences 6 offshore 249-52,253
Construction 38, 124-5 pressure 94
distribution systems 234-7 Detection opportunity 56
facilities 269 Deterioration (see Corrosion)
issues 99 Detonation (see Vapor cloud)
offshore 253-4 Direct current voltage gradient (see DCVG)
Consultants, obtaining services from (see Proposals) Direct evidence 34,90, 105-10
Containment 164 Dispersion 148-9, 156, 190
Contamination 135, 153,155,211,272,321,376 Distribution systems 223-42
Continuous improvement (see also Quality) 18,342 Documents 29,129,132,281
Control documents (see Documents) computer 188-9
Correlation 192 control 349,352
Corrosion 40,44,61-90,99, 109,267-8,381 Dosage (SeeToxicity)
atmospheric 32-7 1,229,248,267,284 Dose-response assessment 140-2
buried metal 284 DOT (Department ofTransportation) 165,259,328,382
crevice (see also ERW pipe) 98 DPD (delivery parameters deviation) 2 14-6
distribution systems 228-33 Drainvolumes 142, 147-8,382
facilities 2674,283-6 Dnnking water contamination 32 I
galvanic 75 Drug test 128,238
hydrogen stress corrosion cracking (see HSCC) Ductile iron 234
internal 71-4,229-30,248,267,283,382 Ductility 143
offshore 247-9 Dynamic segmentation 26, 181-2
product 72
rate 64,233
selective seam 98 EA (environmental assessment) I70
subsurface 74-90,230,248,267 Earthquake (see Seismic)
costs Education (see Public)
direct 220-1 Edwards Aquifer 324,376
indirect 22 1-2 EGlG (European Gas Pipeline Incident Group) 298,303
riskmanagement 344-8 Electric resistance welding pipe (see ERW)
Countable events 18 I Electrolyte (see Soil corrosivity)
Counterfeit materials 124 Electromagnetic surveys 53
Cover (see Depth of cover) Emergency drill 2 18
CP (cathodic protection) 75,230-1,249,284,379,381 Emergency response 162,255
corrosion threat 78-85 Employee stresses (see Saessors)
surveys 78-82 Entropy 1
CR (cumulative risk) 333-4 Environmental
Crack arrestors 144-5 assessment (see EA)
Cracks (see also HIC, HSCOS, SCC, Fatigue, Fractures) 102-4,110,144-5, hazards (see Hazardous)
234,366 module 166-9
Critical instrunients 131 not involvingpipe spills 167
Cumulative risk (see CR) persistence (see Biodegradation)
Current 168,250-3 sensitive areas 167-8
Customers 18,210,217 shoreline 168-9
CWA(C1eanAirAct) 138 Equivalent surface area 265
Erosion (see also Land movement, Soil) I 13,254
ERW pipe (electric resistance welding pipe)
Damage (see also Third-party damage) 3 17 98,366,382
prevention 246 ESI (Environmental Sensitivity Index) 168
states 306,314-6.3 19-27 Estuaries 168
Datacollection 10-11, 179 Evacuation 163
Datamanagement and analyses 177-96,226 Event tree 14.25
DC interference 84 Events (see Risk variables)
DCVG (direct current voltage gradient; see CIS, Pipe-to- soil potential) Evidence
Deductive reasoning 2-3 direct 34,90, 105-10
Defect (see also Anomaly, Crack, Fracture) 366 unquantifiable 16
Degradation Expertjudgment 8
inspection (see Information) Explosion (see Overpressure)
information (see Information) Explosion limit (seealso LFL) 149
Delivery parameters deviation (see DPD) Exposure 45,66
Dent 366 Exposure pathways (see Toxicity)
Department ofTransportation (see DOT) External loadings 94,96,97,266,364