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                                             HOW SEMICONDUCTOR CHIPS ARE MADE

                   1.10  SEMICONDUCTOR FUNDAMENTALS AND BASIC MATERIALS













                                          (a) Add silicon dioxide layer  (d) After etching of silicon dioxide
                                                                          and creating contact holes












                                          (b) Add photoresist layer    (e) After removing photoresist


















                                          (c) Pass ultraviolet light through mask  (f) Add metal layer to fill the
                                                                         contact holes











                                                         (g) After patterning and etching
                                       FIGURE 1.6  Process steps of depositing interconnect metal: (a) add silicon dioxide layer,
                                       (b) add photoresist layer, (c) pass ultraviolet light through mask, (d) after etching of silicon
                                       dioxide and creating contact holes, (e) after removing photoresist, ( f) add metal layer to fill
                                       the contact holes, (g) after patterning and etching.


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